1.A disease caused by Ichthyophthirius multifils disease
A) Known as Ich, Icky, or infection with a white spot
(B) The most typical disease in a home aquarium.
C) White spot malady is caused by a protozoa called multifil Ichthyophthirius.
D) There are three phases to this protozoa’s pattern of life.
E) Understanding the life cycle is important because the white spot (Ich) is defenceless to care at only one point in the cycle in existence.
Grown-Up Stage
1. It is installed in the skin or gills of the fish, causing aggravation (with the fish giving indications of bothering) and the presence of little white knobs.
2. As the parasite develops it benefits from red platelets and skin cells.
3. After a couple of days it exhausts itself out of the fish and tumbles to the base of the aquarium.
Free Swimming Stage
1. If a host isn’t found inside 2 to 3 days, the parasite kicks the bucket.
2. Once a host is discovered the entire cycle starts once again.
3. These three stages take around a month at 70° F however just 5 days at 80° F.
4. For this explanation it is suggested that the aquarium water be raised to about 80° for the span of the treatment.
5. If the fish can stand it, raise the temperature considerably higher up to 85°.
Growth Stage
1. After tumbling to the base, the grown-up parasite structures into a growth with quick cell divisions happening
2. After the pimple stage, around 1000 free swimming youthful comes out and searching for a host.
Side effects
1. Salt-like spots on the body/blades.
2. Excessive sludge.
3. Problems breathing (ich attacks the gills),
4. Clamped balances,
5. Loss of hunger.
6. Abnormal conduct, for example, irregular swimming examples, declining all food and so forth.
Treatments
1. The free swimming stage is the best an ideal opportunity to treat with synthetic compounds.
2. Raising the aquarium temperature to 80° F will incredibly abbreviate the ideal opportunity for the free swimming stage to happen.
3. The medication of decision is quinine hydrochloride at 30 mg for every liter.
4. Quinine sulfate can be utilized if the hydrochloride isn’t accessible.
5. Some aquarists like to utilize malachite green, however it will in general stain the plastic and silicone in the aquarium. Most business cures contain malachite green or potentially copper, which are both viable
2. DISEASE CAUSED BY THE INFECTION OF TRICHODINIA SP.
1. Circular fit as a fiddle, with a band of cilia around the outline.
2. Size 40 – 60 microns in measurement, and have a turning development.
3. They have a plate that has numerous teeth, which they use to “snare” themselves onto a host.
4. The parasites most habitually
assault the gills of the tainted fish, which causes in weighty invasions, incredible trouble in breathing, with the goal that the they rise to the top in a frantic endeavor to get adequate oxygen.
Side Effects
1. Behavior: Lethargy, and scratching against any appropriate article
2. Breathing at the surface, or simply fixed “hanging” at the surface
3. Fins: Fins frequently become cinched or collapsed.
4. Body: The body will show more obscure hues than typical.
5. Gills: Gill assessment will show huge quantities of the life forms, and an overabundance of bodily fluid.
6. Skin (smear): A pale somewhat blue sludge is frequently seen which covers the skin; this is commonly smudged in nature.
Treatment
1. Malachite green: 0.2-0.25 ppm .yet it is gravely endured by numerous individuals of the Tetras, and particularly thus, by scaleless fish, for example, Elephant noses and Clown loaches.
2. Salt showers: In a 1% answer for around 30 minutes, this rehashed for two or three days.
3. Formalin (37%-40%): 250 ppm for about 60 minutes, or 100 ppm for 3 hours. Long haul showers 15-20 ppm.
4. Acriflavin: Use at 50 ppm as a shower for around 2-4 days.
5. Methylene blue: 100 ppm as a shower 2-4 days
2. DISEASE CAUSED BY THE INFECTION OF
Ichthyobodo SP or Ostia SP.
1. Costia is brief whip with 3-4 flagella.
2. It influences both the skin and gills of fish.
3. Fish enduring invasions display the exemplary indications of laziness, clipped balances, scouring and blazing and the skin can take on a dark white obscurity.
Indications and Treatments
1. Milky darkness on skin.
2. The best treatment is with copper at 0.2 mg per liter (0.2 ppm) to be rehashed once in a couple of days if important.
3. Acriflavine might be utilized rather at 0.2% arrangement (1 ml for every liter). As acriflavine can clean fish and copper can prompt harming, the water ought to be slowly changed after a fix has been influenced.
4. Salt shower 3% arrangement
5. Raising the water temperature to 80° – 83° F for a couple of days has additionally been viable.
4. DISEASE CAUSED BY THE INFECTION OF CHILODONELLA SP.
1. Chilodonella is delegated the most perilous of the
Protozoan parasites and can cause mass mortalities particularly in overloaded lakes and aquaria.
2. It is between 40-60 microns in width.
3. It imitates itself by cross over parting, and the grown-up has a heart shape appearance
Symptoms
1. Opaqueness of the skin, particularly between the head and dorsal blade.
2. Gills are likewise assaulted and can be completely demolished, rapidly executing the host.
3. Affected fish may give exemplary indications of blazing and scouring, may hold their balances braced against their body and seem languid.
4. They will likewise hang at the lake surface and wheeze for air in extreme invasions.
Treatment
1. Recommended medicines incorporate Malachite Green
2. Formalin
3. Potassium Permanganate
4. Salt showers at 3%.
5. TETRAHYMENA(GUPPY DISEASE)
As its name proposes, guppy ailment is a significant issue for those keeping guppies, yet different kinds of fish can be influenced as well.
Recognizable proof
Guppy illness looks like ich, otherwise known as white spot sickness, (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis) from various perspectives, and positive distinguishing proof is outlandish without infinitesimal investigation.
1. Affected fish are as a rule (yet not generally) secured with white spot-like sores on their flanks and balances, and furthermore display such side effects as hefty breathing, torpidity and braced balances.
2. Swellings may create in the muscles of the fish.
3. Grey patches of mucous might be obvious, especially on dim shaded fish, for example, dark mollies.
4. Note that notwithstanding the name, guppy sickness can influence an assortment of fish including cichlids, catfish and tetras.
5. But so, guppies and their nearby family members, for example, mollies and Limia spp. do appear to be especially touchy to the parasite.
Manifestations
1. White dabs covering the fish, practically indistinguishable from white spot.
2. Ragged tail and blades.
3. Scales which look marginally roughened, not exactly standing out like dropsy yet not laying very level either.
4. Clamped balances.
5. Rapid relaxing.
6. Lethargy.
7. Mortality, tetrahymena contaminations are probably going to bring about a lot higher death rates than white spot, on the off chance that you think your fish have white spot yet there have been a few misfortunes then almost certainly, the fish have this condition and not white spot.
8. Curiously and dissimilar to white recognize, some fish are very powerless to this malady and could pass on in the generally beginning phases of the disease while other fish in a similar tank remain totally liberated from the contamination. This is something to pay special mind to when this infection is suspected.
6 Hexamita
Hexamitiasis is a parasitic sickness that can influence both freshwater and saltwater fish. Sometimes, injuries show up on the head and flanks of the fish, thus its elective name: opening in the head malady. Hexamita contaminations may likewise be answerable for head and horizontal line disintegration (HLLE) ailment in fish.
Distinguishing Proof
Fish tainted with Hexamita ordinarily produce white, wiry dung, and their shading turns out to be more stifled than typical. The fish in the end lose their craving and bit by bit become anorexic. Frequently (however not generally), injuries show up on the fish’s head. Now and again, these injuries are likewise obvious on the fish’s flanks.
Among freshwater fish, hexamitiasis and gap in the head infection most regularly influence perciform fish, especially cichlid fish. Carps, including koi and goldfish, are additionally defenseless. A wide assortment of saltwater fish can experience the ill effects of head and parallel line disintegration, yet angelfish and surgeonfish appear to be especially vulnerable.
Pathology
Hexamitiasis is brought about by different types of the protozoan parasite sort Hexamita. These are likely present at low levels in the digestive organs of numerous aquarium fish where they do no damage. It is just when the fish is debilitated here and there that the parasites can duplicate quickly and spread into the remainder of the fish’s body. When the parasites become built up in the other inner organs, the fish before long passes on.
Lab chip away at tainted salmon and trout proposes that expanded bodily fluid creation by the digestive system as a reaction to the blossoming parasite populace is the reason for the bountiful and pale-hued defecation related with the infection. How and why the parasites can change from their typical intestinal structure into the fundamental structure that can spread all through the body isn’t known.
The connection among Hexamita and gap in the head sickness is sensibly settled. The sores are brought about by Hexamita parasites that have moved into the tactile