Chapter 16.
Man and his Environment
1. Define ecology?
Ans. Ecology deal with the study of interrelationship between organisms and his environment.
2. Define population
Ans. A group of the organisms of the same species inhabiting a specific geographical area at a particular time is called a population.
3. Write the difference between abiotic and biotic components?
Ans. Abiotic components are nonliving components like soil,air,water and living components are called biotic components.
4. Differentiate between producer and consumer?
Ans. Producer are autotroph prepare their food itself and consumer are heterotroph not prepare food itself depend on autotroph.
5. What is atmospheric nitrogen fixiation?
Ans. Thunderstorms and lightning convert atmospheric gaseous nitrogen to oxides of nitrogen. These oxides dissolve in water and form nitrous acid and nitric acid. The acids in turn combine with other salts to produce ‘nitrates’.
6. Write the difference between interspecific and intraspecific relationship?
Ans. Members of the same species interaction are known as intraspecific and members of the different species interaction called interspecific relationship.
7. What is competition?
Ans. In nature resources are limited like food etc in these resources competition occur between organisms of the ecosystem.
8. What is mutulism?
Ans. In this type of relationships both organisms benefit no one harm each other for e.g nitrogen fixing bacteria.
9. Define commenlism?
Ans. In which one is benefit and other not benefit and nor harmed is known as commenlism for e.g sucker fish attach to the shark.
10. Define deforestation?
Ans. Cleaning of forests for human or natural causes is called defrostration.
11. Define eutrophication?
Ans. Enrichment of water with inorganic nutrients is called eutrophication.
12. Define food chain and food web?
Ans. Network of food chains which are interconnected at various trophic levels is known as food web.A food chain is a series of organisms within an ecosystem, in which each organism feeds on the one before it and is fed by the one after it.
13. What is aforestration?
Ans. Planting of trees is called aforestration.
14. What is assimilation?
Ans. The nitrates formed are absorbed by plants and are utilized for making proteins etc. Animals take nitrogenous compounds from plants. The utilization of nitrates by organisms is called assimilation.
15. Define endoparasite?
Ans. In organism the parasite live inside of body is calles endoparasite.
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